If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. |
|
|
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
#1
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html
Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. 12 May 2004 HELEN PEARSON The startling rise in diabetes is perfectly mirrored by our mounting consumption of refined carbohydrates, a new analysis reveals. The study adds to evidence that sugary foods should be eschewed and that public health advice to cut back on fat may have backfired. Levels of obesity and late onset diabetes have risen slowly over the last century and accelerated in the last 40 years. While the problem is most acute in developed countries, there is evidence that rates are starting to increase in developing countries too. Most experts agree that worsening diets and increasingly inactive lifestyles are responsible, but the exact cause is hard to pin down. Simin Liu of the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, and his co-workers collected information on consumption and food composition for the period between 1909 and 1997. They compared this with data on disease incidence rates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The climb in diabetes goes hand in hand with the rise in total calorie intake, the team reports in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition1. This fits the idea that obesity places people at risk of diabetes. But when Liu broke down the figures into proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a different picture emerged. Neither fat consumption nor protein seem to be the root cause of the problem. Instead, the diabetes rise best matches dropping fibre consumption and escalating consumption of corn syrup, a ubiquitous sweetener in today's processed foods. "It is quite striking," says nutritional scientist Cyril Kendall of the University of Toronto, Canada. Foods high in refined carbohydrate, the argument goes, send blood sugar soaring, requiring the pancreas to pump out insulin. Over time, the body's tissues become resistant to the excess insulin and pancreatic cells wear out, resulting in diabetes. Liu's analysis does not prove that corn syrup caused the increase in diabetes, experts are careful to point out. But the finding bolsters the idea that this and other highly refined carbohydrates such as white flour, white rice and sugar put people at risk of obesity and diabetes. That refined carbs are the culprits might seem obvious, but the idea is at the centre of much controversy. In January this year, for example, the World Health Organization released a draft road map for tackling obesity, which among other targets pinpoints reductions in sugary foods. The US government attempted to undermine these recommendations, some claim, because of pressure from the food industry. Studies by Liu and others now make it harder to deny that excess sugar is bad for our health. Epidemiological studies, which track people's health over time, have also shown that those who eat more refined carbohydrates are at greater risk of developing diabetes "Together they make a compelling case," says David Ludwig, a researcher also at the Harvard School of Public Health. Liu's analysis also backs the argument that, since the 60s and 70s, advice to the public to cut back on fat has misfired. Some experts say such advice led food manufacturers simply to replace fats with carbohydrates, which ultimately fuelled obesity rather than combating it. The study shows that the amount of corn syrup people ate started rocketing at roughly the time the low-fat health message was being broadcast. "Never before have people eaten so much highly refined carbohydrates and led such a sedentary lifestyle," says Ludwig. Many nutritionists now advocate a diet that avoids refined carbohydrates in favour of wholegrain alternatives. They also promote the choice of healthy fats, such as vegetable oils rather than animal fats, as well as fruits, vegetables and frequent exercise. But this message has yet to be accepted or incorporated into many public health guidelines, says nutritionist Kendall. On top of this, many people are confused by conflicting health messages, such as the Atkins diet's recommendation to spurn all carbohydrates. "We need to rethink our approach to diet," Kendall says. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abst...urnalcode=ajcn |
#2
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
Interesting and not surprising. It does remind me, though, of one
reason why corn syrup is now in so very many things. :-( Jean B. Diarmid Logan wrote: http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. 12 May 2004 HELEN PEARSON The startling rise in diabetes is perfectly mirrored by our mounting consumption of refined carbohydrates, a new analysis reveals. The study adds to evidence that sugary foods should be eschewed and that public health advice to cut back on fat may have backfired. Levels of obesity and late onset diabetes have risen slowly over the last century and accelerated in the last 40 years. While the problem is most acute in developed countries, there is evidence that rates are starting to increase in developing countries too. Most experts agree that worsening diets and increasingly inactive lifestyles are responsible, but the exact cause is hard to pin down. Simin Liu of the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, and his co-workers collected information on consumption and food composition for the period between 1909 and 1997. They compared this with data on disease incidence rates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The climb in diabetes goes hand in hand with the rise in total calorie intake, the team reports in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition1. This fits the idea that obesity places people at risk of diabetes. But when Liu broke down the figures into proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a different picture emerged. Neither fat consumption nor protein seem to be the root cause of the problem. Instead, the diabetes rise best matches dropping fibre consumption and escalating consumption of corn syrup, a ubiquitous sweetener in today's processed foods. "It is quite striking," says nutritional scientist Cyril Kendall of the University of Toronto, Canada. Foods high in refined carbohydrate, the argument goes, send blood sugar soaring, requiring the pancreas to pump out insulin. Over time, the body's tissues become resistant to the excess insulin and pancreatic cells wear out, resulting in diabetes. Liu's analysis does not prove that corn syrup caused the increase in diabetes, experts are careful to point out. But the finding bolsters the idea that this and other highly refined carbohydrates such as white flour, white rice and sugar put people at risk of obesity and diabetes. That refined carbs are the culprits might seem obvious, but the idea is at the centre of much controversy. In January this year, for example, the World Health Organization released a draft road map for tackling obesity, which among other targets pinpoints reductions in sugary foods. The US government attempted to undermine these recommendations, some claim, because of pressure from the food industry. Studies by Liu and others now make it harder to deny that excess sugar is bad for our health. Epidemiological studies, which track people's health over time, have also shown that those who eat more refined carbohydrates are at greater risk of developing diabetes "Together they make a compelling case," says David Ludwig, a researcher also at the Harvard School of Public Health. Liu's analysis also backs the argument that, since the 60s and 70s, advice to the public to cut back on fat has misfired. Some experts say such advice led food manufacturers simply to replace fats with carbohydrates, which ultimately fuelled obesity rather than combating it. The study shows that the amount of corn syrup people ate started rocketing at roughly the time the low-fat health message was being broadcast. "Never before have people eaten so much highly refined carbohydrates and led such a sedentary lifestyle," says Ludwig. Many nutritionists now advocate a diet that avoids refined carbohydrates in favour of wholegrain alternatives. They also promote the choice of healthy fats, such as vegetable oils rather than animal fats, as well as fruits, vegetables and frequent exercise. But this message has yet to be accepted or incorporated into many public health guidelines, says nutritionist Kendall. On top of this, many people are confused by conflicting health messages, such as the Atkins diet's recommendation to spurn all carbohydrates. "We need to rethink our approach to diet," Kendall says. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abst...urnalcode=ajcn |
#3
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
"Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. Hmm! It would be interesting to find out just when Coca Cola changed from using sugar to using corn syrup in its soft drink. Does this correlate with the timing of the diabetes epidemic? PJ |
#4
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
On Wed, 12 May 2004 19:48:40 -0400, "Peanutjake"
wrote: "Diarmid Logan" wrote in message . com... http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. Hmm! It would be interesting to find out just when Coca Cola changed from using sugar to using corn syrup in its soft drink. Does this correlate with the timing of the diabetes epidemic? PJ I doubt it, diabetes doesn't respect national boundaries but HFCS is mainly a US thing. However, that doesn't mean it may not be a factor in your country. Cheers, Alan, T2 d&e, Australia. Remove weight and carbs to email. -- Everything in Moderation - Except Laughter. |
#5
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
In 1980 50% of the cane sugar was replaced with high fructose corn syrup. By
1985 Coca-Cola was 100% sweetened by high fructose corn syrup. Greed and more profit was the reason for the switch. TerryR Type 2 "Peanutjake" wrote in message ... "Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. Hmm! It would be interesting to find out just when Coca Cola changed from using sugar to using corn syrup in its soft drink. Does this correlate with the timing of the diabetes epidemic? PJ |
#6
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
"Peanutjake" wrote in message ... Corn syrup linked to diabetes Epidemic reflects rise in refined sugars. Hmm! It would be interesting to find out just when Coca Cola changed from using sugar to using corn syrup in its soft drink. Does this correlate with the timing of the diabetes epidemic? HFCS is in everything these days. I was dismayed to discover that it is now in ice cream. It is in almost all baked goods, including bread. It's in frozen dinners and some spaghetti sauce. But I think there has got to be more to blame for diabetes than that. I haven't had any regular soda since they first came out with Tab. And my diet has always been mainly whole, fresh foods. Oddly, I'm using more pre-packaged things now than I did prior to diabetes, but mainly because I have a young child and it's hard for me to make dinner with her demanding my attention. But I do check those labels to see what's in there before I buy. -- Type 2 http://users.bestweb.net/~jbove/ |
#8
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
"Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes HuaKul posted some very provocative information re type II diabetes and fructose back in 2002. I saved the post, and have reproduced it below. Quite interesting, and suggests possible mechanisms for the role too much fructose may play in fattening us up, as well as promoting diabetes. The below is his post in full, including abstracts: ================================================== ================ Fructose is worse than just an added sugar. The following article shows that rats deficient in a protein called insulin receptor substrate-2 become obese and diabetic. The abstract summary that follows shows that IRS-2 is significantly reduced by fructose, more than sucrose. In 1976 the US soft drink companies started using high fructose corn sweetener because it was cheaper than using sucrose, and by 1980 the switch was complete. Other processed food manufacturers followed suit, and now fructose is ubiquitous. One almost can't find a processed food without fructose; soda pop, salad dressings, baked goods, even some fruit juices are sweetened with fructose. At the same time the US media and medical spokesmen lament the T2 diabetes and obesity "epidemic," especially among juveniles, that they claim started in 1980. No one is making the connection, but it seems obvious to me that fructose as a sweetener is the culprit. It's very normal for US teens to drink 2 liters or more of soda pop each day. That's over 200g of pure fructose. This is on top of all the junk food and bakery they also eat, sweetened with fructose. ================================================== ====== "Researchers Find Common Link Between Diabetes, Obesity and Infertility Joslin Diabetes Center AScribe Newswire - September 20, 2000 BOSTON, Sept. 20 (AScribe News) -- Research published in this week's issue of the journal Nature shows that insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a protein inside of cells that is essential for normal response to insulin, might also promote fertility and fight against obesity. The study shows that female mice lacking the IRS-2 gene rarely become pregnant, consume more food, and become fat. "IRS-2 is like a switchboard that coordinates appetite, fat storage, and blood glucose together with energy demanding processes like reproduction, development, and tissue repair," says Morris F. White, Ph.D., of the Joslin Diabetes Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Two years ago, a group of scientists led by Dr. White discovered that IRS-2 is required not only for normal insulin action, but also promotes the survival of pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin into the blood. Insulin action and secretion are two of the important processes that fail in people with type 2 diabetes, and never before was the link between insulin use and production so closely established. Now, the addition of obesity and reproduction to the list of processes regulated by IRS-2 suggests that type 2 diabetes and its association with obesity, reduced fertility, and other complications might share a common molecular defect. Dr. White's group began to study IRS-2 in mice because it helps them understand the problems that occur during type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly common disease that occurs in people when the cells in the liver, muscle and fat require more insulin to control blood glucose than the pancreatic beta cells can make. When IRS-2 is present and working, surprisingly low levels of insulin can keep blood glucose under control. But like people with type 2 diabetes, genetically altered mice lacking IRS-2 need more insulin and eventually develop diabetes, not because the insulin resistance is so severe, but because their pancreatic islets fail to make enough insulin to keep up with the greater demand. "IRS-2 failure is a double-edged sword," says Dr. White, "because IRS-2 is needed so peripheral tissues can use insulin, and needed to help keep pancreatic beta cells alive longer so they can secrete more insulin to the resistant tissues." Female mice lacking IRS-2 develop diabetes between 18-20 weeks of age, much later in life than their male counterparts who die of diabetic complications around 10 weeks of age. But long before the female mice develop diabetes, they over-eat and become obese, and have reduced fertility. "In the beginning, these findings surprised us," says Deborah J. Burks, Ph.D., of Joslin and the lead author of the study, "but now we're beginning to appreciate that the IRS-2 branch of the insulin signaling pathway might have an important job in the brain to help coordinate food intake and promote reproduction." The IRS-2-deficient mice over-eat despite the presence of excess amounts of leptin in their blood. Leptin is a protein produced in fat cells that circulates to the hypothalamus, a special region of the brain, to suppress appetite. However, without IRS-2, female mice respond weakly to the appetite-suppressing effects of leptin, and thus over-eat and gain weight until enough leptin is finally produced to suppress their appetite. Since IRS-2 molecules transmit insulin signals within cells, these studies suggest that insulin itself might participate in the regulation of food intake. The ability of the brain to detect and respond to blood insulin levels has been controversial for decades, but these results and other recent evidence suggest that to regulate appetite the brain must detect circulating insulin. Scientists and clinicians have known for a long time that obesity and chronic insulin resistance go hand-in-hand, but they usually say that obesity causes insulin resistance. That's one of the reasons why obesity is said to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. But evidence in this study suggests that it could be the other way around, with insulin resistance initially dysregulating appetite that contributes to obesity. The developing obesity exacerbates the insulin resistance, which further burdens the pancreatic beta cells. "It appears that IRS-2 helps coordinates insulin production and nutrient metabolism to promote important biological processes that reflect our health and fitness such as appetite and fertility," Dr. Burks says. Female mice without IRS-2 have a difficult time getting pregnant weeks before they develop diabetes. The root of this deficiency begins before birth, as ovaries in IRS-2 deficient mice develop fewer primary oocytes. But in adults, the reproductive cycle fails, not only because the ovaries are small and unresponsive to gonadotropins, but also because cells in the pituitary secrete less of these hormones. Clinicians have known for years that women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are frequently obese, but they are starting to realize that these infertile women are usually insulin resistant. This combination of endocrine disorders might be related through the action of IRS-2. "Type 2 diabetes is more than a problem with blood glucose," Dr. White says. "High blood glucose is the easiest thing to measure, but the underlying cause might reside in the IRS-2 branch of the insulin-signaling pathway. You can live with reduced IRS-2 function, but you might be glucose intolerant, over-eat and gain weight; have a difficult time becoming pregnant and when you do, develop gestational diabetes; and worst of all, face life with pancreatic beta cells that eventually fail to make enough insulin to avoid the life-threatening consequences of type 2 diabetes." Standard treatments for diabetes don't target IRS-2 signaling. "Given the critical role of this molecule in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and reproduction, it might be ideal to develop new drugs to repair IRS-2 function," say the researchers, "because these therapies might reduce weight gain and the amount of insulin needed in the body while ensuring adequate insulin production throughout life." AScribe - The Public Interest Newswire / 510-645-4600" ================================================ Braz J Med Biol Res 2000 Dec;33(12):1421-7 A high-fructose diet induces changes in pp185 phosphorylation in muscle and liver of rats. Ueno M, Bezerra RM, Silva MS, Tavares DQ, Carvalho CR, Saad MJ Departamento de Planejamento Alimentar e Nutricao, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil. Insulin stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of its receptor resulting in the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp185, which contains insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. These early steps in insulin action are essential for the metabolic effects of insulin. Feeding animals a high-fructose diet results in insulin resistance. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. In the present study, we determined the levels and phosphorylation status of the insulin receptor and pp185 (IRS-(1/2)) in liver and muscle of rats submitted to a high-fructose diet evaluated by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Feeding fructose (28 days) induced a discrete insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the insulin tolerance test. Plasma glucose and serum insulin and cholesterol levels of the two groups of rats, fructose-fed and control, were similar, whereas plasma triacylglycerol concentration was significantly increased in the rats submitted to the fructose diet (P0.05). There were no changes in insulin receptor concentration in the liver or muscle of either group. However, insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation was reduced to 72 /- 4% (P0.05) in the liver of high-fructose rats. The IRS-1 protein levels were similar in both liver and muscle of the two groups of rats. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in insulin-induced pp185 (IRS-(1/2)) phosphorylation, to 83 /- 5% (P0.05) in liver and to 77 /- 4% (P0.05) in muscle of the high-fructose rats. These data suggest that changes in the early steps of insulin signal transduction may have an important role in the insulin resistance induced by high-fructose feeding. PMID: 11105093 ================================================== ======= --Hua Kul |
#9
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
TerryR wrote in message ... In 1980 50% of the cane sugar was replaced with high fructose corn syrup. By 1985 Coca-Cola was 100% sweetened by high fructose corn syrup. Greed and more profit was the reason for the switch. TerryR Type 2 U.S. sugar prices are controlled artificially high by way of import quotas on imported sugar. High Fructose corn syrup is more expensive than world sugar, cheaper than U.S. sugar. Last prices I saw were $ 0.065/lb for World sugar, $0.14/lb for HFCS, $0.18/lb for U.S. sugar but they all bounce around quite a bit. I suppose you could say "Greed" was the cause of somebody swiching to cheaper HFCS (actually still paying more than World-sugar-prices to sweeten their product) but really they just got tired of paying double for sweetener. Sugar is converted to fructose and glucose in the body at a 50:50 ratio. High Fructose Corn Syrup is called that because it originally contained 55:45 fructose: glucose ratio, about the same as sugar. Corn syrup was originally High Glucose Corn Syrup. (35:65) The main problem is cheap sweets from cheap High fructose corn syrup. Cheap sweets means people can buy more sweets, which they do cause they like the taste. In Europe, they eat cheap sweets because sugar is cheap. I suppose they could put really high taxes on fast carbs to cut diabetes about the same way they put really high taxes on tobacco to cut smoking and really high taxes on whiskey to cut alcohol consumption but it is a bit scary when they tax food that way. Umm. . .the real problem is a genetic response to high levels of abdominal fat (High Insulin Resistance) which is a killer. We could make it illegal to have excess abdominal fat or make it mandatory to take Step Aerobic classes but that's objectionable to most folks. Regards Old Al (adult-onset T1. . .looking at the whole thing from the sidelines) |
#10
|
|||
|
|||
Corn syrup linked to diabetes
"Hannah Gruen" wrote in message ... "Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.nature.com/nsu/040510/040510-5.html Corn syrup linked to diabetes HuaKul posted some very provocative information re type II diabetes and fructose back in 2002. I saved the post, and have reproduced it below. Quite interesting, and suggests possible mechanisms for the role too much fructose may play in fattening us up, as well as promoting diabetes. The below is his post in full, including abstracts: Big Snip These data suggest that changes in the early steps of insulin signal transduction may have an important role in the insulin resistance induced by high-fructose feeding. PMID: 11105093 ================================================== ======= --Hua Kul Thanks for Hua Kul's post. re "Morris F. White, Ph.D., of the Joslin Diabetes Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute." Howard Hughes Medical Institute is an excellent independent source/funder of diabetes research. Sign up for their news letter at: http://www.hhmi.org/ Reports on Maurice White's and others work in this area. The following is a comprehensive, well referenced, FULL-TEXT (11 page) .pdf review of Fructose metabolism you may find interesting. MikeV American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 76, No. 5, 911-922, November 2002 © 2002 American Society for Clinical Nutrition ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- AJCN SPECIAL ARTICLE http://tinyurl.com/ys8lj Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome1,2,3 Sharon S Elliott, Nancy L Keim, Judith S Stern, Karen Teff and Peter J Havel 1 From the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis (SSE, JSS, and PJH); the US Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA (NLK); and the Monell Chemical Senses Institute and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (KT). 2 Supported by the NIH (DK-50129), the University of California Davis Clinical Nutrition Research Unit (DK-35747), the American Diabetes Association, and the US Department of Agriculture. 3 Address reprint requests to PJ Havel, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail: . ABSTRACT ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION FRUCTOSE METABOLISM FRUCTOSE, ENERGY INTAKE, AND... FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION AND INSULIN... FRUCTOSE CONSUMPTION AND LIPIDS FRUCTOSE AND HYPERTENSION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES This review explores whether fructose consumption might be a contributing factor to the development of obesity and the accompanying metabolic abnormalities observed in the insulin resistance syndrome. The per capita disappearance data for fructose from the combined consumption of sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup have increased by 26%, from 64 g/d in 1970 to 81 g/d in 1997. Both plasma insulin and leptin act in the central nervous system in the long-term regulation of energy homeostasis. Because fructose does not stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic ß cells, the consumption of foods and beverages containing fructose produces smaller postprandial insulin excursions than does consumption of glucose-containing carbohydrate. Because leptin production is regulated by insulin responses to meals, fructose consumption also reduces circulating leptin concentrations. The combined effects of lowered circulating leptin and insulin in individuals who consume diets that are high in dietary fructose could therefore increase the likelihood of weight gain and its associated metabolic sequelae. In addition, fructose, compared with glucose, is preferentially metabolized to lipid in the liver. Fructose consumption induces insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and hypertension in animal models. The data in humans are less clear. Although there are existing data on the metabolic and endocrine effects of dietary fructose that suggest that increased consumption of fructose may be detrimental in terms of body weight and adiposity and the metabolic indexes associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, much more research is needed to fully understand the metabolic effect of dietary fructose in humans. |
Thread Tools | |
Display Modes | |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
Meat lovers: on feeding CHICKEN LITTER to cows... | dejablues | General Discussion | 2 | May 22nd, 2004 08:11 AM |
Study Blames Corn Syrup for Rise of Diabetes in US | OceanView | General Discussion | 0 | April 22nd, 2004 09:36 PM |
Shakes and a thank you to you all! | Mark | General Discussion | 12 | March 19th, 2004 06:11 AM |
Pre-diabetes Threshold Lowered | Cookie Cutter | Low Carbohydrate Diets | 12 | November 10th, 2003 04:30 PM |
Diabetes Epidemic and Obesity Linked | BillJ | Low Carbohydrate Diets | 2 | October 8th, 2003 11:13 PM |