A low-carbohydrate diet helps people with a condition called metabolic syndrome, a collection of serious risk factors found in some obese individuals

http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...out606585.html

Now, a new study confirms the diet is effective against the syndrome,
and the researchers think they've discovered how it works.

Eating a low-carb diet improves the hormonal signaling involved in
obesity and improves the sense of fullness, allowing weight loss,
according to study leader Matthew R. Hayes, a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of Pennsylvania.

"There is this strong interest in the field in carb-restricted diets
in the treatment of obesity," said Hayes, who conducted the research
while a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University. "That
[interest] comes from a number of controlled clinical trials that
demonstrate overweight or obese people, maintained on low-carb diets,
are successful if they adhere to the diet."

"It's definitely a hot debate in the field," Hayes added, whether the
diets work. "We wanted to look at not only if it worked but how."

People with metabolic syndrome struggle with excessive abdominal fat;
low levels of HDL -- good -- cholesterol; and insulin resistance or
glucose intolerance, in which the body doesn't properly use insulin or
blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of heart disease, type
2 diabetes and other serious health problems, according to the
American Heart Association.

Hayes and his colleagues studied 20 men and women with metabolic
syndrome, instructing them to follow a low-carb diet similar to the
popular South Beach Diet. For phase one, which lasted two weeks, the
study participants were told to get 10 percent of their calories from
carbohydrates. For phase 2, which lasted the remaining 10 weeks of the
study, they were told to eat up to 27 percent carbs.

"The subjects did lose weight, and they lost total body fat. Their
weight was a little over 200 pounds when the study started. By the end
of the study, the subjects weighed about 193, 194. They lost close to
10 pounds during the three-month study."

And, Hayes said, "By the end of the study, about 50 percent no longer
had metabolic syndrome."

The study participants didn't follow the diets strictly, he found.
"Phase one intake was 25 percent [carbohydrates], on average," he
said, rather than the 10 percent recommended. "Phase two carb intake
was 35 percent," he said, although 27 percent was recommended. But it
was a reduction from the participants' pre-study diet, which included
47 percent of calories from carbohydrates, he said.

To find out why the weight declined, Hayes' team did hormone assays,
measuring fasting and post-meal blood levels of hormones associated
with appetite and food intake, such as insulin, leptin and
cholecystokinin (CCK).

"We found some changes in hormone levels," he said. "We saw a decrease
in insulin, a decrease in leptin levels by the end of phase one. It
was fast."

"By the end of phase 2, the insulin levels had crept up toward
baseline; the leptin levels also rose, but it did not come back to the
levels at baseline," Hayes said.

"These alternations in hormone levels acting together help reduce the
amount of food consumed," he said. "There's a synergy. Based on the
literature already out there, we are speculating that this synergy of
hormones may be the mechanism explaining why people are satisfied with
less food and [the low-carb diet] results in weight loss."

Diarmid wrote:

http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...out606585.html

Now, a new study confirms the diet is effective against the syndrome,
and the researchers think they've discovered how it works.

Eating a low-carb diet improves the hormonal signaling involved in
obesity and improves the sense of fullness, allowing weight loss,
according to study leader Matthew R. Hayes, a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of Pennsylvania.

"There is this strong interest in the field in carb-restricted diets
in the treatment of obesity," said Hayes, who conducted the research
while a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University. "That
[interest] comes from a number of controlled clinical trials that
demonstrate overweight or obese people, maintained on low-carb diets,
are successful if they adhere to the diet."

"It's definitely a hot debate in the field," Hayes added, whether the
diets work. "We wanted to look at not only if it worked but how."

People with metabolic syndrome struggle with excessive abdominal fat;
low levels of HDL -- good -- cholesterol; and insulin resistance or
glucose intolerance, in which the body doesn't properly use insulin or
blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of heart disease, type
2 diabetes and other serious health problems, according to the
American Heart Association.

Hayes and his colleagues studied 20 men and women with metabolic
syndrome, instructing them to follow a low-carb diet similar to the
popular South Beach Diet. For phase one, which lasted two weeks, the
study participants were told to get 10 percent of their calories from
carbohydrates. For phase 2, which lasted the remaining 10 weeks of the
study, they were told to eat up to 27 percent carbs.

"The subjects did lose weight, and they lost total body fat. Their
weight was a little over 200 pounds when the study started. By the end
of the study, the subjects weighed about 193, 194. They lost close to
10 pounds during the three-month study."

And, Hayes said, "By the end of the study, about 50 percent no longer
had metabolic syndrome."

The study participants didn't follow the diets strictly, he found.
"Phase one intake was 25 percent [carbohydrates], on average," he
said, rather than the 10 percent recommended. "Phase two carb intake
was 35 percent," he said, although 27 percent was recommended. But it
was a reduction from the participants' pre-study diet, which included
47 percent of calories from carbohydrates, he said.

To find out why the weight declined, Hayes' team did hormone assays,
measuring fasting and post-meal blood levels of hormones associated
with appetite and food intake, such as insulin, leptin and
cholecystokinin (CCK).

"We found some changes in hormone levels," he said. "We saw a decrease
in insulin, a decrease in leptin levels by the end of phase one. It
was fast."

"By the end of phase 2, the insulin levels had crept up toward
baseline;

This would indicate that the participants still had metabolic syndrome
(MetS), which is essentially insulin resistance.

the leptin levels also rose, but it did not come back to the
levels at baseline," Hayes said.

This would suggest that what was lost was subcutaneous adipose tissue
(SAT) rather than visceral adipose tissue (VAT) because it is the
former that makes the leptin while the VAT makes pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as interleukin-6.

"These alternations in hormone levels acting together help reduce the
amount of food consumed," he said.

Actually, decreased leptin should be increasing appetite so that these
alterations in hormone levels do not explain the decreased intake.

"There's a synergy. Based on the
literature already out there, we are speculating that this synergy of
hormones may be the mechanism explaining why people are satisfied with
less food and [the low-carb diet] results in weight loss."

With insulin back up to baseline and leptin lower than baseline there
would be no synergy because synergy by definition is the interaction
between two independent variables.

What is more likely is that it is the hyperketonemia associated with
low-carbing especially in the setting of increased exercise that is
suppressing hunger. It is our issues with hunger that causes the
irrational compulsion to overeat when hungry.

Ironically, it is only when we feel hungry that our bodies gets rid of
the VAT, because it is only when we are hungry that the VAT becomes
more adequately perfused. When there is suppression of hunger for any
reason, VAT will simply persist because it is not adequately perfused
for extraction of lipid stores to effect their apoptosis.

Thus, it remains wiser to eat less, down to the optimal amount to
become healthier (hungrier) to lose the VAT, cure the IR/MetS, and
possibly cure the type-2 diabetes:

http://HeartMDPhD.com/HolySpirit/Healing

Be hungry... be healthy... be blessed:

http://HeartMDPhD.com/PressRelease

Prayerfully in Jesus' awesome love,

Andrew
--
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Cardiologist

On Jul 24, 9:02 am, "Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD"
wrote:
Diarmid wrote:

http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...07/07/20/hscou...

Now, a new study confirms the diet is effective against the syndrome,
and the researchers think they've discovered how it works.

Eating a low-carb diet improves the hormonal signaling involved in
obesity and improves the sense of fullness, allowing weight loss,
according to study leader Matthew R. Hayes, a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of Pennsylvania.

"There is this strong interest in the field in carb-restricted diets
in the treatment of obesity," said Hayes, who conducted the research
while a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University. "That
[interest] comes from a number of controlled clinical trials that
demonstrate overweight or obese people, maintained on low-carb diets,
are successful if they adhere to the diet."

"It's definitely a hot debate in the field," Hayes added, whether the
diets work. "We wanted to look at not only if it worked but how."

People with metabolic syndrome struggle with excessive abdominal fat;
low levels of HDL -- good -- cholesterol; and insulin resistance or
glucose intolerance, in which the body doesn't properly use insulin or
blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of heart disease, type
2 diabetes and other serious health problems, according to the
American Heart Association.

Hayes and his colleagues studied 20 men and women with metabolic
syndrome, instructing them to follow a low-carb diet similar to the
popular South Beach Diet. For phase one, which lasted two weeks, the
study participants were told to get 10 percent of their calories from
carbohydrates. For phase 2, which lasted the remaining 10 weeks of the
study, they were told to eat up to 27 percent carbs.

"The subjects did lose weight, and they lost total body fat. Their
weight was a little over 200 pounds when the study started. By the end
of the study, the subjects weighed about 193, 194. They lost close to
10 pounds during the three-month study."

And, Hayes said, "By the end of the study, about 50 percent no longer
had metabolic syndrome."

The study participants didn't follow the diets strictly, he found.
"Phase one intake was 25 percent [carbohydrates], on average," he
said, rather than the 10 percent recommended. "Phase two carb intake
was 35 percent," he said, although 27 percent was recommended. But it
was a reduction from the participants' pre-study diet, which included
47 percent of calories from carbohydrates, he said.

To find out why the weight declined, Hayes' team did hormone assays,
measuring fasting and post-meal blood levels of hormones associated
with appetite and food intake, such as insulin, leptin and
cholecystokinin (CCK).

"We found some changes in hormone levels," he said. "We saw a decrease
in insulin, a decrease in leptin levels by the end of phase one. It
was fast."

"By the end of phase 2, the insulin levels had crept up toward
baseline;

This would indicate that the participants still had metabolic syndrome
(MetS), which is essentially insulin resistance.

This statement shows a very shallow understanding of metabolic
syndrome and insulin resistance. No wonder you can't find work in the
field of medicine.



the leptin levels also rose, but it did not come back to the
levels at baseline," Hayes said.

This would suggest that what was lost was subcutaneous adipose tissue
(SAT) rather than visceral adipose tissue (VAT) because it is the
former that makes the leptin while the VAT makes pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as interleukin-6.

You'd be wrong yet a again.


"These alternations in hormone levels acting together help reduce the
amount of food consumed," he said.

Actually, decreased leptin should be increasing appetite so that these
alterations in hormone levels do not explain the decreased intake.

"There's a synergy. Based on the
literature already out there, we are speculating that this synergy of
hormones may be the mechanism explaining why people are satisfied with
less food and [the low-carb diet] results in weight loss."

With insulin back up to baseline and leptin lower than baseline there
would be no synergy because synergy by definition is the interaction
between two independent variables.

What is more likely is that it is the hyperketonemia associated with
low-carbing especially in the setting of increased exercise that is
suppressing hunger. It is our issues with hunger that causes the
irrational compulsion to overeat when hungry.

Ironically, it is only when we feel hungry that our bodies gets rid of
the VAT, because it is only when we are hungry that the VAT becomes
more adequately perfused. When there is suppression of hunger for any
reason, VAT will simply persist because it is not adequately perfused
for extraction of lipid stores to effect their apoptosis.

Thus, it remains wiser to eat less, down to the optimal amount to
become healthier (hungrier) to lose the VAT, cure the IR/MetS, and
possibly cure the type-2 diabetes:

http://HeartMDPhD.com/HolySpirit/Healing

Be hungry... be healthy... be blessed:

http://HeartMDPhD.com/PressRelease

Prayerfully in Jesus' awesome love,

Andrew
--
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Cardiologist- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

On Jul 24, 7:50 am, Diarmid wrote:
http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...07/07/20/hscou...

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/75/5/951-a discusses how much
carbohydrate a body needs (150 g/day), but some of that can be me from
the glycerol in fat.

http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/175/11/1407-a mentions a possible
loss of lean muscle mass from a low carb diet.

--
Ron

The author of the last one misuses the word ketoacidosis, not giving me
confidence in her abilities.

Ron Peterson wrote:
| On Jul 24, 7:50 am, Diarmid wrote:
|| http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...07/07/20/hscou...
|
| http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/75/5/951-a discusses how much
| carbohydrate a body needs (150 g/day), but some of that can be me from
| the glycerol in fat.
|
| http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/175/11/1407-a mentions a possible
| loss of lean muscle mass from a low carb diet.

On Jul 24, 8:50 am, Diarmid wrote:
http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...07/07/20/hscou...

Now, a new study confirms the diet is effective against the syndrome,
and the researchers think they've discovered how it works.

Eating a low-carb diet improves the hormonal signaling involved in
obesity and improves the sense of fullness, allowing weight loss,
according to study leader Matthew R. Hayes, a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of Pennsylvania.

"There is this strong interest in the field in carb-restricted diets
in the treatment of obesity," said Hayes, who conducted the research
while a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University. "That
[interest] comes from a number of controlled clinical trials that
demonstrate overweight or obese people, maintained on low-carb diets,
are successful if they adhere to the diet."

"It's definitely a hot debate in the field," Hayes added, whether the
diets work. "We wanted to look at not only if it worked but how."

People with metabolic syndrome struggle with excessive abdominal fat;
low levels of HDL -- good -- cholesterol; and insulin resistance or
glucose intolerance, in which the body doesn't properly use insulin or
blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of heart disease, type
2 diabetes and other serious health problems, according to the
American Heart Association.

Hayes and his colleagues studied 20 men and women with metabolic
syndrome, instructing them to follow a low-carb diet similar to the
popular South Beach Diet. For phase one, which lasted two weeks, the
study participants were told to get 10 percent of their calories from
carbohydrates. For phase 2, which lasted the remaining 10 weeks of the
study, they were told to eat up to 27 percent carbs.

"The subjects did lose weight, and they lost total body fat. Their
weight was a little over 200 pounds when the study started. By the end
of the study, the subjects weighed about 193, 194. They lost close to
10 pounds during the three-month study."

And, Hayes said, "By the end of the study, about 50 percent no longer
had metabolic syndrome."

The study participants didn't follow the diets strictly, he found.
"Phase one intake was 25 percent [carbohydrates], on average," he
said, rather than the 10 percent recommended. "Phase two carb intake
was 35 percent," he said, although 27 percent was recommended. But it
was a reduction from the participants' pre-study diet, which included
47 percent of calories from carbohydrates, he said.

To find out why the weight declined, Hayes' team did hormone assays,
measuring fasting and post-meal blood levels of hormones associated
with appetite and food intake, such as insulin, leptin and
cholecystokinin (CCK).

"We found some changes in hormone levels," he said. "We saw a decrease
in insulin, a decrease in leptin levels by the end of phase one. It
was fast."

"By the end of phase 2, the insulin levels had crept up toward
baseline; the leptin levels also rose, but it did not come back to the
levels at baseline," Hayes said.

"These alternations in hormone levels acting together help reduce the
amount of food consumed," he said. "There's a synergy. Based on the
literature already out there, we are speculating that this synergy of
hormones may be the mechanism explaining why people are satisfied with
less food and [the low-carb diet] results in weight loss."

People in parts of the world who eat very high carb diets with very
little fat and animal protein do not have problems with metabolic
syndrome or heart disease. And many of these people eat white rice
not brown rice as the main carb in their diet. How come people in
this country have to eat a high meat and fat diet to avoid metabolic
syndrome? Something is wrong somewhere.

Dolores

On Jul 25, 8:08 am, dorsy1943 wrote:

People in parts of the world who eat very high carb diets with very
little fat and animal protein do not have problems with metabolic
syndrome or heart disease. And many of these people eat white rice
not brown rice as the main carb in their diet. How come people in
this country have to eat a high meat and fat diet to avoid metabolic
syndrome? Something is wrong somewhere.

Dolores

Our ancestors clearly ate meat. Else, they would not have evolved an
omnivore's teeth (specifically the incisors and the canines) for
ripping up the meat. If it were all supposed to be rice, oats and
carrots, we'd have teeth more like a horse, wouldn't we? So, please,
get off your high horse, embrace your ancestors, and eat more meat and
less grain. It'll do wonders for you.

To answer your question on point, the problem is the efficiency/
shoddiness of the carbs people here eat. HFCS. It's also about the
easy availability here. If you are struggling on a subsistence farm,
you won't get MetS because you do a lot of work for not a lot of food.
If, on the other hand, you work at Kinkos, eat fast food and TV
dinners, drink coke with HFCS, you're getting a ton of cheap calories
with no work (Sorry, it's true, Kinko's employees seem to do less than
any other retail employee I've ever met). So, if you're poorly evolved
for eating a lot of calories and doing not much, you get the MetS.

Last thing: If you go to one of these other countries where they eat a
lot of white rice and not much animal protein and fat, and you go to
the cities, where people do knowledge work, you find, surprise,
surprise, MetS. Shocking, but true. I would posit that the US is best
at supplying cheap calories and eliminating physical work. So, we're
not particularly f-ed up when it comes to MetS. We're just ahead of
the curve.

On Jul 25, 7:08 am, dorsy1943 wrote:

People in parts of the world who eat very high carb diets with very
little fat and animal protein do not have problems with metabolic
syndrome or heart disease. And many of these people eat white rice
not brown rice as the main carb in their diet. How come people in
this country have to eat a high meat and fat diet to avoid metabolic
syndrome? Something is wrong somewhere.

http://www.kerala.gov.in/keralacallmay04/p15-17.pdf indicates that in
Kerala the incidence heart attacks is very high.

--
Ron

On Jul 25, 7:08 am, dorsy1943 wrote:
On Jul 24, 8:50 am, Diarmid wrote:





http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/hea...07/07/20/hscou...

Now, a new study confirms the diet is effective against the syndrome,
and the researchers think they've discovered how it works.

Eating a low-carb diet improves the hormonal signaling involved in
obesity and improves the sense of fullness, allowing weight loss,
according to study leader Matthew R. Hayes, a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of Pennsylvania.

"There is this strong interest in the field in carb-restricted diets
in the treatment of obesity," said Hayes, who conducted the research
while a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University. "That
[interest] comes from a number of controlled clinical trials that
demonstrate overweight or obese people, maintained on low-carb diets,
are successful if they adhere to the diet."

"It's definitely a hot debate in the field," Hayes added, whether the
diets work. "We wanted to look at not only if it worked but how."

People with metabolic syndrome struggle with excessive abdominal fat;
low levels of HDL -- good -- cholesterol; and insulin resistance or
glucose intolerance, in which the body doesn't properly use insulin or
blood sugar. Metabolic syndrome raises the risk of heart disease, type
2 diabetes and other serious health problems, according to the
American Heart Association.

Hayes and his colleagues studied 20 men and women with metabolic
syndrome, instructing them to follow a low-carb diet similar to the
popular South Beach Diet. For phase one, which lasted two weeks, the
study participants were told to get 10 percent of their calories from
carbohydrates. For phase 2, which lasted the remaining 10 weeks of the
study, they were told to eat up to 27 percent carbs.

"The subjects did lose weight, and they lost total body fat. Their
weight was a little over 200 pounds when the study started. By the end
of the study, the subjects weighed about 193, 194. They lost close to
10 pounds during the three-month study."

And, Hayes said, "By the end of the study, about 50 percent no longer
had metabolic syndrome."

The study participants didn't follow the diets strictly, he found.
"Phase one intake was 25 percent [carbohydrates], on average," he
said, rather than the 10 percent recommended. "Phase two carb intake
was 35 percent," he said, although 27 percent was recommended. But it
was a reduction from the participants' pre-study diet, which included
47 percent of calories from carbohydrates, he said.

To find out why the weight declined, Hayes' team did hormone assays,
measuring fasting and post-meal blood levels of hormones associated
with appetite and food intake, such as insulin, leptin and
cholecystokinin (CCK).

"We found some changes in hormone levels," he said. "We saw a decrease
in insulin, a decrease in leptin levels by the end of phase one. It
was fast."

"By the end of phase 2, the insulin levels had crept up toward
baseline; the leptin levels also rose, but it did not come back to the
levels at baseline," Hayes said.

"These alternations in hormone levels acting together help reduce the
amount of food consumed," he said. "There's a synergy. Based on the
literature already out there, we are speculating that this synergy of
hormones may be the mechanism explaining why people are satisfied with
less food and [the low-carb diet] results in weight loss."

People in parts of the world who eat very high carb diets with very
little fat and animal protein do not have problems with metabolic
syndrome or heart disease. And many of these people eat white rice
not brown rice as the main carb in their diet. How come people in
this country have to eat a high meat and fat diet to avoid metabolic
syndrome? Something is wrong somewhere.

Dolores- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

I think the key to metabolic syndrome rests moreso with grain-based
foods. White wheat flour. Also white sugar and high fructose corn
syrup. That would explain why rice based high-carb diets seem to not
lead to as much metabolic syndrome as is seen in the west where wheat,
sugar and corn are king.

In alt.support.diabetes dorsy1943 wrote:

People in parts of the world who eat very high carb diets with very
little fat and animal protein do not have problems with metabolic
syndrome or heart disease. And many of these people eat white rice
not brown rice as the main carb in their diet. How come people in
this country have to eat a high meat and fat diet to avoid metabolic
syndrome? Something is wrong somewhere.

They eat a lot less and exercise a lot more. In other words they burn
up the carbs they eat. The problems start when you don't.

--
Chris Malcolm DoD #205
IPAB, Informatics, JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]