Splenda tablets - Why can't Johnson & Johnson sell them in the US?

Here are some very nice refernces...

Hsieh MH, Chan P, Sue YM, Liu JC, Liang TH, Huang TY, Tomlinson B, Chow
MS, Kao PF, Chen YJ.
Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild
essential hypertension: A two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Clin Ther. 2003 Nov;25(11):2797-808.
PMID: 14693305 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=146933 05&dopt=Abstract

Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Hsieh MH, Cheng JT.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and
tolerability of oral stevioside in human hypertension.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;50(3):215-20.
PMID: 10971305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=109713 05&dopt=Abstract

Lee CN, Wong KL, Liu JC, Chen YJ, Cheng JT, Chan P.
Inhibitory effect of stevioside on calcium influx to produce
antihypertension.
Planta Med. 2001 Dec;67(9):796-9.
PMID: 11745013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=117450 13&dopt=Abstract

Liu JC, Kao PK, Chan P, Hsu YH, Hou CC, Lien GS, Hsieh MH, Chen YJ,
Cheng JT.
Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of stevioside in anesthetized
dogs.
Pharmacology. 2003 Jan;67(1):14-20.
PMID: 12444299 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=124442 99&dopt=Abstract

Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Rolfsen SE, Jepsen M, Colombo M, Agger A, Xiao
J, Kruhoffer M, Orntoft T, Hermansen K.
Antihyperglycemic and blood pressure-reducing effects of stevioside in the
diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat.
Metabolism. 2003 Mar;52(3):372-8.
PMID: 12647278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=126472 78&dopt=Abstract

Geuns JM.
Stevioside.
Phytochemistry. 2003 Nov;64(5):913-21.
PMID: 14561506 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=145615 06&dopt=Abstract

Gregersen S, Jeppesen PB, Holst JJ, Hermansen K.
Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Metabolism. 2004 Jan;53(1):73-6.
PMID: 14681845 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=146818 45&dopt=Abstract

Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Alstrup KK, Hermansen K.
Stevioside induces antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic and glucagonostatic
effects in vivo: studies in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.
Phytomedicine. 2002 Jan;9(1):9-14.
PMID: 11924770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=119247 70&dopt=Abstract

Herbal tea lowers blood pressure, say doctors
The China Post, Monday, April 2, 2001
URL:http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20010402/20010402s6.html

The Nutraceutical Corner.........Stevia: A Sweet Choice for Some
URL:http://sun.science.wayne.edu/~nfs/news/basfsp00.htm#Stevia

Stevia Sweetener, a Sugar Alternative
URL:http://nutrition.about.com/library/weekly/aa092099.htm

Stevia Research
URL:http://herbsforhealth.about.com/cs/herbsasfood/a/aa121997_2.htm

Stevia : by Ray Sahelian MD , stevia sweetener stevia recipes stevia
cooking
URL:http://www.raysahelian.com/stevia.html

Stevia, Herb Monograph - Flora Health Herb Encyclopedia
URL:http://www.florahealth.com/flora/home/canada/healthinformation/encyclopedias/Stevia.asp

Monograph : Stevia rebaudiana
(requires free registration)
URL:http://www.phytotherapies.org/monograph_detail.cfm?id=262

Medicinal herbFAQ Part 2/7
(scroll down the page to find Stevia)
URL:http://www.faqs.org/faqs/medicinal-herbs/part2/

Stevia rebaudiana
URL:http://www.rain-tree.com/stevia.htm

Stevia - The Natural Sweetener
URL:http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/kitchen/foods/stevia.asp

Stevia - Frequently asked questions
URL:http://www.stepa.be/faqs.html

How Sweet Is Stevia
URL:http://www.life.ca/nl/83/stevia.html


--
Winning against heart attack and stroke
http://www.sonoscore.com

Fri, 19 Mar 2004 23:10:33 GMT in article
"Evelyn Ruut"
wrote:

Sonos,

Stevia tastes nasty. And yes, there are some very negative reports about
it.

Could you mention some?

BTW, I don't think stevia tastes nasty, but de gustibus non est disputandum.


--
Matti Narkia

On 19-Mar-2004, Vicki Beausoleil wrote:

http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk

enter stevia into the search engine.

I did. Thanks.

Like the FDA, your link is to a government agency who must also contend with
lobby efforts of a multibillion dollar industy.

--
Winning against heart attack and stroke
http://www.sonoscore.com

"Matti Narkia" wrote in message
...
Fri, 19 Mar 2004 23:10:33 GMT in article
"Evelyn Ruut"
wrote:

Sonos,

Stevia tastes nasty. And yes, there are some very negative reports
about
it.

Could you mention some?

BTW, I don't think stevia tastes nasty, but de gustibus non est
disputandum.

It surely doesn't taste as good as Splenda. I threw out a whole bottle of
Stevia when I got that.
--
Evelyn

(To reply to me personally, remove sox)



--
Matti Narkia

I mix unsweetened baking cocoa with stevia into soy milk and really like it.

http://www.ghirardelli.com/products_bakecocoa2.html
http://www.iherb.com/steviabalance.html

--
Winning against heart attack and stroke
http://www.sonoscore.com

"Julie Bove" wrote in message
...




"hba1c" wrote in message
om...
As you may know, Splenda is available in a tablet form in many
countries.

snip

I didn't know, but I would also have no use for them. If I do use
Splenda,
it is in cooking. Couldn't use tablets there!

--
Type 2
http://users.bestweb.net/~jbove/



Of course you can. just crush them.

Sid...

Sonos wrote:

why not try stevia instead? Splenda is a sugar molecule with a chlorine
pasted on it. A tasty invention, but is it safe?



Combining atoms into molecules changes their physical properties.
Sodium and Chloride are both toxic to humans, yet we sprinkle salt on
our food all the time.



E

"sprudil" wrote in message
news:qdM6c.109554$Up2.74269@pd7tw1no...

"Julie Bove" wrote in message
...




"hba1c" wrote in message
om...
As you may know, Splenda is available in a tablet form in many
countries.

snip

I didn't know, but I would also have no use for them. If I do use
Splenda,
it is in cooking. Couldn't use tablets there!

--
Type 2
http://users.bestweb.net/~jbove/



Of course you can. just crush them.

Why bother? Too much trouble to do that.

--
Type 2
http://users.bestweb.net/~jbove/

On Sat, 20 Mar 2004 00:27:02 GMT, "sprudil" wrote:


"Julie Bove" wrote in message
...

I didn't know, but I would also have no use for them. If I do use
Splenda, it is in cooking. Couldn't use tablets there!



Of course you can. just crush them.

Sid...


Yep, I do that all the time. My first choice is using a zero-carb liquid
splenda syrup, but if there's reason not to add additional liquid to a
recipe, I'll crush the tablets with the back of a spoon. Since they're
just 0.07 g carb per tablet, they're a lot better than using the powdered
stuff.

Em

Fri, 19 Mar 2004 18:31:33 -0500 in article
Vicki Beausoleil wrote:

Julie Bove wrote:

"Sonos" wrote in message
news
Stevia has been used for over 1,500 years by young and old people,
including
pregnant women without any report of harm to my knowledge. This alone make
me feel more comfortable using it. Sucralose is new however. Too new for
me
to feel comfortable with it.

snip

Ah, the "to my knowledge" is the key part. Stick your head in the sand and
you won't learn much. And do you really think we are stupid enough to
believe anything at the Mercola site?

--
Type 2
http://users.bestweb.net/~jbove/

Julie, if the Mercola site forecast sunshine in the desert, I'd bring my
umbrella.

http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk

enter stevia into the search engine.

Read and learn. Learn why stevia is banned in the European Union and
other places. Learn what happens to reproductive organs in the male.
Learn what happens to mitochondria when exposed to stevioside.

As far as I understand some negative effects have been produced in rodents
by giving them gigantic doses of steviol or stevioside. Even so, conflicting
results have also been produced. Some studies suggest that stevia and
stevioside have antiglycemic, antihypertensive, antiviral and even
anticancer effects, although cancer has also been observed in rodents in
connection with gigantic doses. In general, it seems that no negative
effects have been proven with the doses applicable for human consumption.
EU's stand seems to be that because some negative effects have been noticed
with huge doses, stevia should not be permitted until its safety has been
proven more convincingly.

Here a couple of links found from the web site you provided:

URL:http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/news/pressreleases/stevioside

A citation:

"An application to market a component of the leaves known as
Stevioside was also rejected by the Commission on safety
grounds. Stevioside has been shown to decrease fertility in male
rats. Additionally, Steviol, which is a metabolite of
Stevioside, has been reported to cause cancer when fed at very
high doses to rodents (up to 1000mg per kg of body weight - this
is 1500 times greater than the average daily dose of these
products consumed by a person weighing 60kg)."

URL:http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/multimedia/webpage/stevia

A couple of excerpts:

"The data considered by the Committee indicated that the extract
has the potential to produce adverse effects in the male
reproductive system that could affect fertility and that a
metabolite produced by the human gut microflora, steviol, is
genotoxic (ie. damages DNA).

[...]

The ACNFP agreed with the opinion of the Belgian Authorities and
recommended that the product should not be approved due to lack
of information supporting its safety, a view that was shared by
a number of other Member States. The application was
subsequently referred to the SCF.

The SCF concluded in June 1999 that the information submitted on
the plant products was insufficient with regard to specification
and standardisation of the commercial product and contained no
safety studies."

On this page there is also a link to this letter:

URL:http://archive.food.gov.uk/maff/archive/food/novel/stevreb.htm


Below a rather comprehensive collection of stevia related Medline
references:


Toxicology references
---------------------

Hagiwara A, Fukushima S, Kitaori M, Shibata M, Ito N.
Effects of three sweeteners on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated
by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine.
Gann. 1984 Sep;75(9):763-8.
PMID: 6500232 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=6500232

Ito N, Fukushima S, Shirai T, Hagiwara A, Imaida K.
Drugs, food additives and natural products as promoters in rat urinary
bladder carcinogenesis.
IARC Sci Publ. 1984;(56):399-407.
PMID: 6536604 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=6536604

Xili L, Chengjiany B, Eryi X, Reiming S, Yuengming W, Haodong S, Zhiyian H.
Chronic oral toxicity and carcinogenicity study of stevioside in rats.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1992 Nov;30(11):957-65.
PMID: 1473789 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=1473789

Aze Y, Toyoda K, Imaida K, Hayashi S, Imazawa T, Hayashi Y, Takahashi M.
[Subchronic oral toxicity study of stevioside in F344 rats]
Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. 1991;(109):48-54. Japanese.
PMID: 1364404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=1364404

Matsui M, Matsui K, Kawasaki Y, Oda Y, Noguchi T, Kitagawa Y, Sawada M,
Hayashi M, Nohmi T, Yoshihira K, Ishidate M Jr, Sofuni T.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity of stevioside and steviol using six in vitro
and one in vivo mutagenicity assays.
Mutagenesis. 1996 Nov;11(6):573-9.
PMID: 8962427 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=896242 7&dopt=Abstract

Matsui M, Matsui K, Nohmi T, Mizusawa H, Ishidate M.
[Mutagenicity of steviol: an analytical approach using the Southern blotting
system]
Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. 1989;(107):83-7. Japanese.
PMID: 2700079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=2700079

Klongpanichpak S, Temcharoen P, Toskulkao C, Apibal S, Glinsukon T.
Lack of mutagenicity of stevioside and steviol in Salmonella typhimurium TA
98 and TA 100.
J Med Assoc Thai. 1997 Sep;80 Suppl 1:S121-8.
PMID: 9347659 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=934765 9&dopt=Abstract

Suttajit M, Vinitketkaumnuen U, Meevatee U, Buddhasukh D.
Mutagenicity and human chromosomal effect of stevioside, a sweetener from
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101 Suppl 3:53-6.
PMID: 8143647 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=8143647

Procinska E, Bridges BA, Hanson JR.
Interpretation of results with the 8-azaguanine resistance system in
Salmonella typhimurium: no evidence for direct acting mutagenesis by
15-oxosteviol, a possible metabolite of steviol.
Mutagenesis. 1991 Mar;6(2):165-7.
PMID: 2056919 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=2056919

Yodyingyuad V, Bunyawong S.
Effect of stevioside on growth and reproduction.
Hum Reprod. 1991 Jan;6(1):158-65.
PMID: 1874950 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=1874950

Sekihashi K, Saitoh H, Sasaki Y.
[Genotoxicity studies of stevia extract and steviol by the comet assay]
J Toxicol Sci. 2002 Dec;27 Suppl 1:1-8. Japanese.
PMID: 12533916 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=125339 16&dopt=Abstract

Toyoda K, Matsui H, Shoda T, Uneyama C, Takada K, Takahashi M.
Assessment of the carcinogenicity of stevioside in F344 rats.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1997 Jun;35(6):597-603.
PMID: 9225018 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=9225018

Toskulkao C, Chaturat L, Temcharoen P, Glinsukon T.
Acute toxicity of stevioside, a natural sweetener, and its metabolite,
steviol, in several animal species.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 1997 Feb-May;20(1-2):31-44.
PMID: 9183561 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=9183561

Krejci ME, Koechel DA.
Acute effects of carboxyatractyloside and stevioside, inhibitors of
mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocation, on renal function and ultrastructure in
pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.
Toxicology. 1992;72(3):299-313.
PMID: 1585384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=1585384

Wasuntarawat C, Temcharoen P, Toskulkao C, Mungkornkarn P, Suttajit M,
Glinsukon T.
Developmental toxicity of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, in the
hamster.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 1998 May;21(2):207-22.
PMID: 9598301 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=9598301

Usami M, Sakemi K, Kawashima K, Tsuda M, Ohno Y.
[Teratogenicity study of stevioside in rats]
Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. 1995;(113):31-5. Japanese.
PMID: 8717225 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=8717225

Sekihashi K, Saitoh H, Sasaki Y.
[Genotoxicity studies of stevia extract and steviol by the comet assay]
J Toxicol Sci. 2002 Dec;27 Suppl 1:1-8. Japanese.
PMID: 12533916 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=125339 16&dopt=Abstract

Yasukawa K, Kitanaka S, Seo S.
Inhibitory effect of stevioside on tumor promotion by
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse
skin.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Nov;25(11):1488-90.
PMID: 12419967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=124199 67&dopt=Abstract

Geuns JM, Bruggeman V, Buyse JG.
Effect of stevioside and steviol on the developing broiler embryos.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Aug 13;51(17):5162-7.
PMID: 12903985 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=12903985

Braguini WL, Gomes MA, de Oliveira BH, Carnieri EG, Rocha ME, de Oliveira
MB.
Activity of isosteviol lactone on mitochondrial metabolism.
Toxicol Lett. 2003 Jun 5;143(1):83-92.
PMID: 12697384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=12697384

Melis MS.
Effects of chronic administration of Stevia rebaudiana on fertility in
rats.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Nov 1;67(2):157-61.
PMID: 10619379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=106193 79&dopt=Abstract

Oliveira-Filho RM, Uehara OA, Minetti CA, Valle LB.
Chronic administration of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)
Bertoni in rats: endocrine effects.
Gen Pharmacol. 1989;20(2):187-91.
PMID: 2785472 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=2785472

Schvartzman JB, Krimer DB, Moreno Azorero R.
Cytological effects of some medicinal plants used in the control of
fertility.
Experientia. 1977 May 15;33(5):663-5.
PMID: 862810 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=862810

Aritajat S, Kaweewat K, Manosroi J, Manosroi A.
Dominant lethal test in rats treated with some plant extracts.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000;31 Suppl 1:171-3.
PMID: 11414451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=11414451


Chemistry reference
-------------------

Geuns JM.
Stevioside.
Phytochemistry. 2003 Nov;64(5):913-21.
PMID: 14561506 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=145615 06&dopt=Abstract


Antiglycemic & antihypertensive effects related references
----------------------------------------------------------

Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Rolfsen SE, Jepsen M, Colombo M, Agger A, Xiao
J, Kruhoffer M, Orntoft T, Hermansen K.
Antihyperglycemic and blood pressure-reducing effects of stevioside in the
diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat.
Metabolism. 2003 Mar;52(3):372-8.
PMID: 12647278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=126472 78&dopt=Abstract

Liu JC, Kao PK, Chan P, Hsu YH, Hou CC, Lien GS, Hsieh MH, Chen YJ,
Cheng JT.
Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of stevioside in anesthetized
dogs.
Pharmacology. 2003 Jan;67(1):14-20.
PMID: 12444299 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=124442 99&dopt=Abstract

Hsu YH, Liu JC, Kao PF, Lee CN, Chen YJ, Hsieh MH, Chan P.
Antihypertensive effect of stevioside in different strains of hypertensive
rats.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2002 Jan;65(1):1-6.
PMID: 11939668 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=119396 68&dopt=Abstract

Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Alstrup KK, Hermansen K.
Stevioside induces antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic and glucagonostatic
effects in vivo: studies in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.
Phytomedicine. 2002 Jan;9(1):9-14.
PMID: 11924770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=119247 70&dopt=Abstract

Lee CN, Wong KL, Liu JC, Chen YJ, Cheng JT, Chan P.
Inhibitory effect of stevioside on calcium influx to produce
antihypertension.
Planta Med. 2001 Dec;67(9):796-9.
PMID: 11745013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=117450 13&dopt=Abstract

Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Poulsen CR, Hermansen K.
Stevioside acts directly on pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin:
actions independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine
triphosphate-sensitive K+-channel activity.
Metabolism. 2000 Feb;49(2):208-14.
PMID: 10690946 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=106909 46&dopt=Abstract

Chan P, Xu DY, Liu JC, Chen YJ, Tomlinson B, Huang WP, Cheng JT.
The effect of stevioside on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in
spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Life Sci. 1998;63(19):1679-84.
PMID: 9806223 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=980622 3&dopt=Abstract

Toskulkao C, Sutheerawattananon M, Piyachaturawat P.
Inhibitory effect of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, on glucose
absorption in everted hamster intestine in vitro.
Toxicol Lett. 1995 Oct;80(1-3):153-9.
PMID: 7482583 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=7482583

Melis MS.
A crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana increases the renal plasma flow of
normal and hypertensive rats.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1996 May;29(5):669-75.
PMID: 9033821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=903382 1&dopt=Abstract

Lailerd N, Saengsirisuwan V, Sloniger JA, Toskulkao C, Henriksen EJ.
Effects of stevioside on glucose transport activity in insulin-sensitive
and insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle.
Metabolism. 2004 Jan;53(1):101-7.
PMID: 14681850 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=146818 50&dopt=Abstract

Wong KL, Chan P, Yang HY, Hsu FL, Liu IM, Cheng YW, Cheng JT.
Isosteviol acts on potassium channels to relax isolated aortic strips of
Wistar rat.
Life Sci. 2004 Mar 26;74(19):2379-87.
PMID: 14998715 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=14998715

Wong KL, Yang HY, Chan P, Cheng TH, Liu JC, Hsu FL, Liu IM, Cheng YW, Cheng
JT.
Isosteviol as a potassium channel opener to lower intracellular calcium
concentrations in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
Planta Med. 2004 Feb;70(2):108-12.
PMID: 14994186 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&li st_uids=14994186

Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Hsieh MH, Cheng JT.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and
tolerability of oral stevioside in human hypertension.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;50(3):215-20.
PMID: 10971305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=109713 05&dopt=Abstract

Hsieh MH, Chan P, Sue YM, Liu JC, Liang TH, Huang TY, Tomlinson B, Chow
MS, Kao PF, Chen YJ.
Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild
essential hypertension: A two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Clin Ther. 2003 Nov;25(11):2797-808.
PMID: 14693305 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=146933 05&dopt=Abstract

Gregersen S, Jeppesen PB, Holst JJ, Hermansen K.
Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Metabolism. 2004 Jan;53(1):73-6.
PMID: 14681845 [PubMed - in process]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=146818 45&dopt=Abstract


Anti-viral activity related reference
-------------------------------------

Takahashi K, Matsuda M, Ohashi K, Taniguchi K, Nakagomi O, Abe Y, Mori
S, Sato N, Okutani K, Shigeta S.
Analysis of anti-rotavirus activity of extract from Stevia rebaudiana.
Antiviral Res. 2001 Jan;49(1):15-24.
PMID: 11166857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=111668 57&dopt=Abstract



Links to stevia articles on the web
-----------------------------------

Herbal tea lowers blood pressure, say doctors
The China Post, Monday, April 2, 2001
URL:http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20010402/20010402s6.html

"A doctor at Taipei's Municipal Wan Fang Hospital (MWFH)
yesterday said that herbal tea made from the sweet leaves
of a plant called stevia is effective in lowering high
blood pressure.

Dr Chen Pao-lo, a cardiologist at MWFH, said after a series
of clinical studies, he has found that stevia tea not only
lowers the blood pressure of patients suffering from
hypertension, it also lacks the side effects normally
associated with blood-pressure lowering medicine.

According to Chen, stevia was originally grown in Brazil
and Paraguay before it was imported to mainland China's
Xinjiang for mass cultivation decades ago.

Chen pointed out that even when used over a long period,
stevia tea does not threaten patients' blood sugar levels.

Since stevia has been used as health food for more than 20
years with no noticeable side effects, Chen reckoned the
plant could be made into blood-pressure lowering medicine
safely as well."

The Nutraceutical Corner.........Stevia: A Sweet Choice for Some
URL:http://sun.science.wayne.edu/~nfs/news/basfsp00.htm#Stevia

Stevia Sweetener, a Sugar Alternative
URL:http://nutrition.about.com/library/weekly/aa092099.htm

Stevia Research
URL:http://herbsforhealth.about.com/cs/herbsasfood/a/aa121997_2.htm

Stevia : by Ray Sahelian MD , stevia sweetener stevia recipes stevia cooking
URL:http://www.raysahelian.com/stevia.html

Stevia, Herb Monograph - Flora Health Herb Encyclopedia
URL:http://www.florahealth.com/flora/home/canada/healthinformation/encyclopedias/Stevia.asp

Monograph : Stevia rebaudiana
(vaatii ilmaisen rekisteröitymisen)
URL:http://www.phytotherapies.org/monograph_detail.cfm?id=262

Medicinal herbFAQ Part 2/7
(etsi sivulta Stevia)
URL:http://www.faqs.org/faqs/medicinal-herbs/part2/

Stevia rebaudiana
URL:http://www.rain-tree.com/stevia.htm

Stevia - The Natural Sweetener
URL:http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/kitchen/foods/stevia.asp

Stevia - Frequently asked questions
URL:http://www.stepa.be/faqs.html

How Sweet Is Stevia
URL:http://www.life.ca/nl/83/stevia.html



--
Matti Narkia