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Carb-Loading at Breakfast Makes Dieting Easier Long-Term
Loading up on protein and carbohydrates at breakfast may help obese patients
with metabolic syndrome stick to a low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet the rest of the day, researchers found. Such a breakfast was associated with five-fold greater weight loss than was achieved on a low-carb, low-calorie diet alone, reported Daniela Jakubowicz, M.D., of the Hospital de Clinicas in Caracas, Venezuela, at the Endocrine Society meeting. http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/res...ryarticle=5854 |
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Carb-Loading at Breakfast Makes Dieting Easier Long-Term
On 2008-06-25, Roger Zoul wrote:
Loading up on protein and carbohydrates at breakfast may help obese patients with metabolic syndrome stick to a low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet the rest of the day, researchers found. The ``big breakfast'' subjects ate only 1260 kcal per day. Even though breakfast was nearly half of that, it's not such a large breakfast. Consider that a McDonald's Big Mac (with no fries or drink) contains about 540 kcal. The point is that it hardly makes sense to call it ``loading''. Such a breakfast was associated with five-fold greater weight loss than was achieved on a low-carb, low-calorie diet alone, reported Daniela Jakubowicz, M.D., of the Hospital de Clinicas in Caracas, Venezuela, at the Endocrine Society meeting. The stated ``results'' of this study are deceitful, and transparently so. While participating in the experiment, the subjects who consumed 1080 kcal/d in fact lost more weight than those who consumed 1260 kcal/d. This is the only outcome of the experiment which can be called a ``result''. Jakubowicz' experiment confirmed that body weight is linked to energy balance. Everything else in the report isn't a set of experimental results, but pure conjecture. Yet some of the news reports try to downplay this one and only real result, stating that there were no significant differences in weight loss between the groups at 4 months. Insignificant? Pardon? An average of 23 pounds in one group, versus 28 in the other? That's nearly a 22% spread! The difference in calories was 180: 1260 - 1080. The duration was four months, or about 120 days. 120 days times 180 calories is 21,600 calories. Divided by 3500, that's 6 pounds, very close to the 5 lb difference in weight loss between the groups. Wow! Now, the weight regain, at 8 months, among the 1080 kcal/d group could not possibly have taken place while that group was still participating in the experiment; such regain is the obviously the result of ad-lib eating. Ad-lib eating after a dietary experiement isn't part of that experiment. At that point, there is no control and no measurement. The experiementer doesn't know what the subjects are eating, nor how much, nor at what times throughout the day. It is simply unbelievable that the ``low carb'' group would have lost an average of 28 pounds, but then gained back 18, while still adhering to the 1080 kcal/day diet. Sorry, you don't gain 18 pounds on 1080 calories a day, if you're an adult of normal size. The controlled part of the experiment must have concluded at somewhere around the four month mark, at which point began ad-lib eating. The only halfway plausible conjecture Jakobovicz could have gotten away with (provided that it had been properly offered as a conjecture and not an experimental result) is that caloric restrictions lead to subsequent overeating. Also, anyone calling himself or herself a scientist must know that in order to study the effect of some change of some independent variable X1 on some dependent variable of interest Y, all other variables must be held constant. If the experiment changes two variables X1 and X2, then a change in Y cannot be attributed to only the change in X1, or to only the change in X2. Yet this very error is committed in the results. There was a caloric difference between the two plans (1080 kcal vesus 1260), differences in the circadian distribution of the calories, as well as differences in the constitution of the two diets. Yet, in her infinite stupidity, Jakobovicz makes assertions regarding what her experiement shows about the effectiveness of low-carb diets! Then there are other problems with the study itself. It's by no means a double-blind experiment. The subjects know what they are eating, and the experimenters administering it to them also know. The subjects know about the experimenter's expectations; they know that Jakobovicz wants the ``low carb'' group to fail and the ``big breakfast'' group to succeed. It's natural for one group of subjects to identify themselves as the losers, and the other to take on a virtuous self-image. When the experiment is over, it's easy to see how the subjects who see themselves as the losers who are expected to regain would sabotage their weight loss by returning to old overeating habits, whereas the subjects who foster a virtuous self-image would continue in their adherence. I predict that the fate of Jakobovicz career is hereby sealed: its remainder consists of more mundane pig farming in some obscure Latin kmerican university, instead of real science. Phew! I put more thought into this article it than what went into the entire study. ** Posted from http://www.teranews.com ** |
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