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Obesity as a major determinant of underreporting
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Z Ernahrungswiss 1997 Sep;36(3):229-36 Obesity as a major determinant of underreporting in a self-administered food frequency questionnai results from the EPIC-Potsdam Study. Voss S, Kroke A, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Boeing H German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrucke, Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Bergholz-Rehbrucke. The phenomenon of underreporting of dietary intake has been observed previously in many epidemiologic studies. In this study it was investigated whether dependencies exist between energy intake obtained by a semi-quantitative, self-administered food frequency questionnaire and lifestyle or anthropometric factors, particularly obesity. The study population consisted of 2,531 subjects, men aged 40 to 64 years and women aged 35 to 64 years from the general population of Potsdam and the surrounding areas. First, subjects were allocated into quintiles of the ratio 'reported energy intake (EI)' to 'calculated basal metabolic rate (BMR)' as a measure of age and weight adjusted energy intake. No apparent dependencies between socio-economic variables and the ratio EI/BMR were observed. Among anthropometric variables, BMI and related measures of obesity were inversely related to the ratio EI/BMR in men and women. While dietary intake was directly related to the ratio EI/BMR in absolute quantities, energy adjusted intake of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol was found to be independent of this ratio. Energy adjusted food group consumption was also found to be independent of the ratio EI/BMR, showing only slightly increasing trends across quintiles of EI/BMR for cereals and fats, and a slightly decreasing trend for sweet foods in women. When subjects were classified into three categories of BMI, reported energy intake decreased across categories. Estimated energy expenditure based on BMR was increasing with BMI categories. A close direct relationship was observed between BMI categories and the difference between reported energy intake and estimated energy expenditure. It is concluded that obesity is a major determinant of under-reporting. Energy adjusted dietary variables were found to be largely independent of such methodological influences. NR http://www.pat-acceptance.org/kookrant.html http://www.pat-acceptance.org/kookrant2.html If I catch you busting into a mass and vilifying a church, the last thing you'll hear in your entire life, will be the ratatatatat of an automatic. - --Steve Chaney to Mark Ira Kaufman Message-ID: Young Mr. Chaney, the man who has told me that he wants to murder me and sodomize women in my family, has said, repeatedly, that advocates for choice had vandalized churches. - --Mark Ira Kaufman Message-ID: she probably has to have her picture taken by satellite because no normal camera can fit all that whale blubber into one picture. - --Steve Chaney Message-ID: Excessively fat women look ugly. It is impractical to try and have sex when she's 100lbs overweight and the weight is all fat - but most women ain't that big. - --Steve Chaney Message-ID: You of course do know what a lot of Asian women prefer, right? Besides, after ****ing a cute asian chick, experience tells me it isn't all that except that she looks good on your arm. In bed it ain't much at all. If the lights go out, any guy whose hormones are more fixed on performance than looks, is going to go to sleep right there and then. - --Steve Chaney Message-ID: Clarice and Allisson were well beyond a BMI of 25 in their pictures where they were called cows. - --Steve Chaney Message-ID: If Dutton knocked on Steve's door and Steve shot him in the face, I would really not care. - --Crash Street Kidd about Steve Chaney Message-ID: Stephen A Chaney admits to sodomizing his daughter if he forges me now. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: N/A iQA/AwUBQNDt+DL3IlvsWvnjEQI0pwCfZ60pIXTAEAiZ+RcWd7UNCz/3VDEAnRaU WNXHvCdKGXT/E9IyrBH/JlZZ =hS48 -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- |
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