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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994771
Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain NewScientist.com news service Taking a nutrient called choline during pregnancy could "super-charge" children's brains for life, suggests a study in rats. Offspring born to pregnant rats given the supplement were known to be faster learners with better memories. But the new work, by Scott Swartzwelder and colleagues at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, US, shows this is due to having bigger brain cells in vital areas. Choline, a member of the vitamin B family, is found in egg yolks, liver and other meats - "exactly the kind of things people were told not to eat" due to their high cholesterol content, says Swartzwelder. He believes their results in the rats could translate to humans, and indeed the US Institute of Medicine added choline to the list of essential nutrients, particularly for pregnant women, in its 2003 recommendations. The implications of the study's findings are "potentially huge" Swartzwelder believes: "If it turns out that it's true in humans and can make people smarter their whole lives and forestall age-related memory decline - that's potentially a very exciting prospect." Behavioural studies have shown giving choline to pregnant rats improves learning and memory in their offspring. The pups also suffer significantly less from failing memories as they get old. However, it was not known whether choline's effects were on the general brain environment or whether it fundamentally changed the brain's cells. "Our study is the first time anyone has shown that prenatal choline supplementation actually changes the anatomy and physiology of single brain cells," Swartzwelder told New Scientist. No adverse effects could be seen in the rats, he adds. The team gave pregnant rats three to four times their normal intake of choline for six days. Gestation lasts about 21 days in rats, and the period during which the rats were fed extra choline roughly corresponds to the start of the third trimester in women. The pups born were raised to adulthood and then their brains were examined, in particular the hippocampus - the area of the brain critical for learning. This part of the brain was sliced in a way that preserved its internal circuitry and kept it alive. A tiny electrode was then used to recording the behaviour of each cell. The neurons of rats born to mothers given extra choline fired electrical signals more rapidly and for longer periods, indicating a capacity to communicate more easily. The team then injected a biological dye into the neurons to look at their shape and structure. The cells from rats receiving prenatal choline supplements were substantially bigger than those from rats that did not. "We are looking at consistent changes in the range of 20 to 25 per cent," says Swartzwelder. "These are bigger cells with more dendrites, the areas of the cell specific to receiving incoming signals." He says the combined changes induced by choline in the physiology and anatomy of the brain cells would "hotwire" the system. The team does not know exactly how choline boosts brains, but it is known to contribute to the building of cell membranes during the embryo stage of development. "My bet is it has something to do this," Swartzwelder says. Previous work by Steven Zeiser at the University of North Carolina has shown choline alters a crucial gene by adding a methyl group on to it. This switches off the gene, CDKN-3, which usually inhibits cell division in the memory regions of the brain. There is little information on how much choline women currently take. "But don't be afraid of eggs," Swartzwelder suggests. "I used to eat a low fat diet - I've started eating eggs and I'm not even pregnant!" Journal reference: Journal of Neurophysiology (vol 91 April issue) Shaoni Bhattacharya |
#2
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
"Diarmid Logan" wrote in message
om... http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994771 Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain NewScientist.com news service Taking a nutrient called choline during pregnancy could "super-charge" children's brains for life, suggests a study in rats. .. Choline, a member of the vitamin B family, is found in egg yolks, liver and other meats - "exactly the kind of things people were told not to eat" due to their high cholesterol content, says Swartzwelder. .. There is little information on how much choline women currently take. "But don't be afraid of eggs," Swartzwelder suggests. "I used to eat a low fat diet - I've started eating eggs and I'm not even pregnant!" 'Lecithin, found in foods such as eggs, soybeans, peanuts, and liver, is the predominant source of choline in the human diet. The normal intake of lecithin and choline has been estimated to be approximately 6 grams and 800 milligrams per day respectively. Commercial soy lecithin is defatted from soy bean oil to contain dominantly (± 95%) acetone insolubles- the most important of which are the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, inositol and ethanolamine. Commercial lecithin is about 23% phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC contains about 14% choline. Due to space limitations, choline sources like choline bitartrate and choline citrate have been used as the predominant source of choline in vitamin supplements. However, the increasing evidence that lecithin is a source of choline that may have benefits beyond simply being a choline source, has provided a reason for supplementing with both choline and lecithin itself. ' http://www.aabhealth.com/lecithincholine.htm |
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
"pearl" wrote in message ... "Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994771 Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain NewScientist.com news service Taking a nutrient called choline during pregnancy could "super-charge" children's brains for life, suggests a study in rats. .. Choline, a member of the vitamin B family, is found in egg yolks, liver and other meats - "exactly the kind of things people were told not to eat" due to their high cholesterol content, says Swartzwelder. .. There is little information on how much choline women currently take. "But don't be afraid of eggs," Swartzwelder suggests. "I used to eat a low fat diet - I've started eating eggs and I'm not even pregnant!" 'Lecithin, found in foods such as eggs, soybeans, peanuts, and liver, is the predominant source of choline in the human diet. The normal intake of lecithin and choline has been estimated to be approximately 6 grams and 800 milligrams per day respectively. Commercial soy lecithin is defatted from soy bean oil to contain dominantly (± 95%) acetone insolubles- the most important of which are the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, inositol and ethanolamine. Commercial lecithin is about 23% phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC contains about 14% choline. Due to space limitations, choline sources like choline bitartrate and choline citrate have been used as the predominant source of choline in vitamin supplements. However, the increasing evidence that lecithin is a source of choline that may have benefits beyond simply being a choline source, has provided a reason for supplementing with both choline and lecithin itself. ' http://www.aabhealth.com/lecithincholine.htm mmm...yeah, i read that about lecithin a while back, and picked up some soy lecithin granules...emulsifiers, so you can mix em' into stuff that you're cooking for good memory stuff. |
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
"katie" wrote in message
.rogers.com... "pearl" wrote in message ... "Diarmid Logan" wrote in message om... http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994771 Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain NewScientist.com news service Taking a nutrient called choline during pregnancy could "super-charge" children's brains for life, suggests a study in rats. .. Choline, a member of the vitamin B family, is found in egg yolks, liver and other meats - "exactly the kind of things people were told not to eat" due to their high cholesterol content, says Swartzwelder. .. There is little information on how much choline women currently take. "But don't be afraid of eggs," Swartzwelder suggests. "I used to eat a low fat diet - I've started eating eggs and I'm not even pregnant!" 'Lecithin, found in foods such as eggs, soybeans, peanuts, and liver, is the predominant source of choline in the human diet. The normal intake of lecithin and choline has been estimated to be approximately 6 grams and 800 milligrams per day respectively. Commercial soy lecithin is defatted from soy bean oil to contain dominantly (± 95%) acetone insolubles- the most important of which are the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, inositol and ethanolamine. Commercial lecithin is about 23% phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC contains about 14% choline. Due to space limitations, choline sources like choline bitartrate and choline citrate have been used as the predominant source of choline in vitamin supplements. However, the increasing evidence that lecithin is a source of choline that may have benefits beyond simply being a choline source, has provided a reason for supplementing with both choline and lecithin itself. ' http://www.aabhealth.com/lecithincholine.htm mmm...yeah, i read that about lecithin a while back, and picked up some soy lecithin granules...emulsifiers, so you can mix em' into stuff that you're cooking for good memory stuff. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, it's best to take it 'raw'. |
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot wrote:
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994771 Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain NewScientist.com news service Taking a nutrient called choline during pregnancy could "super-charge" children's brains for life, suggests a study in rats. .. Choline, a member of the vitamin B family, is found in egg yolks, liver and other meats - "exactly the kind of things people were told not to eat" due to their high cholesterol content, says Swartzwelder. .. There is little information on how much choline women currently take. "But don't be afraid of eggs," Swartzwelder suggests. "I used to eat a low fat diet - I've started eating eggs and I'm not even pregnant!" 'Lecithin, found in foods such as eggs, soybeans, peanuts, and liver, is the predominant source of choline in the human diet. The normal intake of lecithin and choline has been estimated to be approximately 6 grams and 800 milligrams per day respectively. Commercial soy lecithin is defatted from soy bean oil to contain dominantly (± 95%) acetone insolubles- the most important of which are the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, inositol and ethanolamine. Commercial lecithin is about 23% phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC contains about 14% choline. Due to space limitations, choline sources like choline bitartrate and choline citrate have been used as the predominant source of choline in vitamin supplements. However, the increasing evidence that lecithin is a source of choline that may have benefits beyond simply being a choline source, has provided a reason for supplementing with both choline and lecithin itself. ' http://www.aabhealth.com/lecithincholine.htm mmm...yeah, i read that about lecithin a while back, and picked up some soy lecithin granules...emulsifiers, so you can mix em' into stuff that you're cooking for good memory stuff. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? |
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot "usual suspect" wrote in message
... pearl wrote: .. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? ' Temperature-sensitive food and pharmaceutical products with the highest quality standards can be successfully concentrated by thin-film processors. Diluted feedstocks can be concentrated to final specification in seconds without recirculation, thereby preserving quality and yield. As the solids content of the stream increases, temperature sensitivity and viscosity generally increase, creating the need for short residence time. Agitated thin-film technology fulfills these needs while inducing high heat transfer. Typical applications a "Drying" of lecithin to 99.5% Concentration of sugar solutions to99.9% Concentration of enzymes, vitaminsand proteins; Concentration of fruit and vegetablepurees; Concentration of cheesebase; Concentration of biological solutions; Stripping of solvents from vegetable and plant extracts; Removal of water and solvents fromfermentation broths (e.g., antibiotics). http://www.lcicorp.com/evap/chem%20proc%20paper.pdf |
#7
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot pearl wrote:
.. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? ' Temperature-sensitive food and pharmaceutical products with the highest quality standards can be successfully concentrated by thin-film processors. Diluted feedstocks can be concentrated to final specification in seconds without recirculation, thereby preserving quality and yield. As the solids content of the stream increases, temperature sensitivity and viscosity generally increase, creating the need for short residence time. Agitated thin-film technology fulfills these needs while inducing high heat transfer. Typical applications a "Drying" of lecithin to 99.5% Concentration of sugar solutions to99.9% Concentration of enzymes, vitaminsand proteins; Concentration of fruit and vegetablepurees; Concentration of cheesebase; Concentration of biological solutions; Stripping of solvents from vegetable and plant extracts; Removal of water and solvents fromfermentation broths (e.g., antibiotics). http://www.lcicorp.com/evap/chem%20proc%20paper.pdf STUPID moron Lesley, that doesn't answer my question, but it is useful. It further proves you cite sources you don't comprehend. You know why I say that? Look at the pictures and note that *HEAT* is used to process lecithin from liquid to granules. Now try again. With your claims that it is best to consume lecithin 'raw' and that it is 'destroyed by high temperatures,' aside from the absence of moisture, how else are lecithin granules *chemically distinct* from liquid lecithin? |
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot "usual suspect" wrote in message
... pearl wrote: .. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? ' Temperature-sensitive food and pharmaceutical products with the highest quality standards can be successfully concentrated by thin-film processors. Diluted feedstocks can be concentrated to final specification in seconds without recirculation, thereby preserving quality and yield. As the solids content of the stream increases, temperature sensitivity and viscosity generally increase, creating the need for short residence time. Agitated thin-film technology fulfills these needs while inducing high heat transfer. Typical applications a "Drying" of lecithin to 99.5% Concentration of sugar solutions to99.9% Concentration of enzymes, vitamins and proteins; Concentration of fruit and vegetable purees; Concentration of cheese base; Concentration of biological solutions; Stripping of solvents from vegetable and plant extracts; Removal of water and solvents fromfermentation broths (e.g., antibiotics). http://www.lcicorp.com/evap/chem%20proc%20paper.pdf STUPID moron Lesley, that doesn't answer my question, but it is useful. It further proves you cite sources you don't comprehend. You know why I say that? Yes, we know- smear is your modus operandum. Look at the pictures and note that *HEAT* is used to process lecithin from liquid to granules. How much heat? I wrote 'high temperatures'- in the context of cooking. Note also 'need for short residence time'. Now try again. With your claims that it is best to consume lecithin 'raw' and that it is 'destroyed by high temperatures,' aside from the absence of moisture, how else are lecithin granules *chemically distinct* from liquid lecithin? What part of 'temperature-sensitive food' don't you understand, 'usual suspect'? |
#9
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot Lesley wrote:
.. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? ' Temperature-sensitive food and pharmaceutical products with the highest quality standards can be successfully concentrated by thin-film processors. Diluted feedstocks can be concentrated to final specification in seconds without recirculation, thereby preserving quality and yield. As the solids content of the stream increases, temperature sensitivity and viscosity generally increase, creating the need for short residence time. Agitated thin-film technology fulfills these needs while inducing high heat transfer. Typical applications a "Drying" of lecithin to 99.5% Concentration of sugar solutions to99.9% Concentration of enzymes, vitamins and proteins; Concentration of fruit and vegetable purees; Concentration of cheese base; Concentration of biological solutions; Stripping of solvents from vegetable and plant extracts; Removal of water and solvents fromfermentation broths (e.g., antibiotics). http://www.lcicorp.com/evap/chem%20proc%20paper.pdf STUPID moron Lesley, that doesn't answer my question, but it is useful. It further proves you cite sources you don't comprehend. You know why I say that? Yes, we know- smear is your modus operandum. Your MO is stupidity. Mine is truth. Look at the pictures and note that *HEAT* is used to process lecithin from liquid to granules. How much heat? I wrote 'high temperatures'- in the context of cooking. Cooking doesn't make any difference, either, at least with respect to changing its state. Lecithin remains lecithin, regardless of heat. All you do is exchange (add, subtract) moisture. Note also 'need for short residence time'. How long does it take to dry, regardless of method? Heat is applied. It doesn't destroy any property of lecithin aside to change its physical state from liquid to granule. The same occurs whether processing lecithin from soy oil or even cooking (which only puts lecithin in solution with other ingredients) with lecithin, dummy. Now try again. With your claims that it is best to consume lecithin 'raw' and that it is 'destroyed by high temperatures,' aside from the absence of moisture, how else are lecithin granules *chemically distinct* from liquid lecithin? What part of 'temperature-sensitive food' don't you understand, 'usual suspect'? You're the one not comprehending or supporting your claim that "lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures; it's best to take it raw." The lecithin you purchase -- liquid or granule -- as a supplement or a food additive has been subjected to heat. Lots of heat over long periods of time. It's *still* lecithin, it'll *still* work as an emulsifier in either state, and it *still* contains choline. Just how is lecithin separated from soy oil anyway? Lecithin is a combination of naturally-occurring phospholipids, which are extracted during the processing of soybean oil. The soybeans are tempered by keeping them at a consistent temperature and moisture level for approximately seven to 10 days. This process hydrates the soybeans and loosens the hull. The soybeans are then cleaned and cracked into small pieces and the hulls are separated from the cracked beans. Next, the soybean pieces are heated and pressed into flakes. Soybean oil is extracted from the flakes through a distillation process and lecithin is separated from the oil by the addition of water and centrifugation or steam precipitation. http://www.talksoy.com/pdfs/SoyLecithinFactSheet3.pdf Did someone say distillation? That involves heat, LOTS of heat for a LONG period of time. So does steam precipitation -- that happens at 100c over time: distillation, process used to separate the substances composing a mixture. It involves a change of state, as of liquid to gas, and subsequent condensation. The process was probably first used in the production of intoxicating beverages. Today, refined methods of distillation are used in many industries, including the alcohol and petroleum industries. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0815646.html (read the part about distillation processes, dummy) BTW, I'm surprised you advocate the use of a soy byproduct. When soy lecithin supplements were given throughout perinatal development, they reduced activity in the cerebral cortex and "altered synaptic characteristics in a manner consistent with disturbances in neural function." http://www.mercola.com/2000/sept/17/soy_brain.htm Which loonie source will you rely upon this time? You are the lowest-grade moron in usenet history. |
#10
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Nutrient during pregnancy 'super-charges' brain
the village idiot "usual suspect" wrote in message
... pearl wrote: .. As lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures, Is it? Viscosity is affected by heat, but its chemical properties remain. it's best to take it 'raw'. Katie's granules are dried, possibly by heat, lecithin. Aside from the absence of moisture, how else are they chemically distinct from liquid lecithin? ' Temperature-sensitive food and pharmaceutical products with the highest quality standards can be successfully concentrated by thin-film processors. Diluted feedstocks can be concentrated to final specification in seconds without recirculation, thereby preserving quality and yield. As the solids content of the stream increases, temperature sensitivity and viscosity generally increase, creating the need for short residence time. Agitated thin-film technology fulfills these needs while inducing high heat transfer. Typical applications a "Drying" of lecithin to 99.5% Concentration of sugar solutions to99.9% Concentration of enzymes, vitamins and proteins; Concentration of fruit and vegetable purees; Concentration of cheese base; Concentration of biological solutions; Stripping of solvents from vegetable and plant extracts; Removal of water and solvents fromfermentation broths (e.g., antibiotics). http://www.lcicorp.com/evap/chem%20proc%20paper.pdf STUPID moron Lesley, that doesn't answer my question, but it is useful. It further proves you cite sources you don't comprehend. You know why I say that? Yes, we know- smear is your modus operandum. Your MO is stupidity. Mine is truth. LOL!! Look at the pictures and note that *HEAT* is used to process lecithin from liquid to granules. How much heat? I wrote 'high temperatures'- in the context of cooking. Cooking doesn't make any difference, either, at least with respect to changing its state. Lecithin remains lecithin, regardless of heat. All you do is exchange (add, subtract) moisture. Note also 'need for short residence time'. How long does it take to dry, regardless of method? Heat is applied. It doesn't destroy any property of lecithin aside to change its physical state from liquid to granule. The same occurs whether processing lecithin from soy oil or even cooking (which only puts lecithin in solution with other ingredients) with lecithin, dummy. Now try again. With your claims that it is best to consume lecithin 'raw' and that it is 'destroyed by high temperatures,' aside from the absence of moisture, how else are lecithin granules *chemically distinct* from liquid lecithin? What part of 'temperature-sensitive food' don't you understand, 'usual suspect'? You're the one not comprehending or supporting your claim that "lecithin is destroyed by high temperatures; it's best to take it raw." The lecithin you purchase -- liquid or granule -- as a supplement or a food additive has been subjected to heat. Lots of heat over long periods of time. It's *still* lecithin, it'll *still* work as an emulsifier in either state, and it *still* contains choline. Just how is lecithin separated from soy oil anyway? Lecithin is a combination of naturally-occurring phospholipids, which are extracted during the processing of soybean oil. The soybeans are tempered by keeping them at a consistent temperature and moisture level for approximately seven to 10 days. This process hydrates the soybeans and loosens the hull. The soybeans are then cleaned and cracked into small pieces and the hulls are separated from the cracked beans. Next, the soybean pieces are heated and pressed into flakes. Soybean oil is extracted from the flakes through a distillation process and lecithin is separated from the oil by the addition of water and centrifugation or steam precipitation. http://www.talksoy.com/pdfs/SoyLecithinFactSheet3.pdf Did someone say distillation? That involves heat, LOTS of heat for a LONG period of time. So does steam precipitation -- that happens at 100c over time: distillation, process used to separate the substances composing a mixture. It involves a change of state, as of liquid to gas, and subsequent condensation. The process was probably first used in the production of intoxicating beverages. Today, refined methods of distillation are used in many industries, including the alcohol and petroleum industries. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0815646.html (read the part about distillation processes, dummy) Apparently much commercial soy-derived lecithin is rancid. 'Much lecithin on the market is rancid. Thebest form of lecithin I know is Twin Labs brand "PC 55" - it contains 55% PC and is always very fresh. http://tinyurl.com/2rnyl I wonder if they use a different extraction method for "PC 55". 'Lecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids and other materials. They vary greatly in their physical form, from viscous semiliquids to powders, depending upon their free fatty acid content. They are almost odorless and will vary in color from brown to light yellow. Lecithins are used as dispersing, emulsifying and stabilizing agents. They will decompose at extreme pH, are hygroscopic and will oxidize, darken and *decompose at high temperatures*. Lecithin should be stored at room temperature protected from light. Refrigeration may cause the material to separate.' http://www.rx4u.com/lecithn.htm *emphasis added. BTW, I'm surprised you advocate the use of a soy byproduct. When soy lecithin supplements were given throughout perinatal development, they reduced activity in the cerebral cortex and "altered synaptic characteristics in a manner consistent with disturbances in neural function." http://www.mercola.com/2000/sept/17/soy_brain.htm - in non-human animals, possibly in excess. I'm not keen on soy products in general, but I think that many of the problems discovered may have been due to contaminants. .. |
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